Immunization of Children, September, 2012

Immunization camps are organized for the drop out children of age 0 to 5 years of seven model villages, through a specialized team after identification of the drop outs through necessary survey.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Sanitation is one of the most pressing global development issues in the contemporary world. Posing grave health challenges, exacerbating socio-economic and gender differences and thwarting the process of inclusive growth and development, lack of proper sanitation facilities has serious repercussions for any country. Given the strong direct and indirect linkages of sanitation with socio-economic and health aspects, it has been appropriately included in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

Out of eight MDGs, three are directly linked to sanitation: Reduce child mortality, combat disease and ensure environmental sustainability. Even the first goal, eradicate extreme poverty, is linked to sanitation as high health and coping costs associated with illnesses caused by inadequate sanitation drain productivity and incomes, contributing to poverty.

Focus Issues

Impact and Hygiene Factor

Impact on Health, Education, Economics, Gender and Social Inclusion (seen in light of status of usage & ‘Nirmal’ criteria, status of water scarcity and source)

Relation of Impact with Status of Hygiene Practices (Hand Washing, Drinking Water)

Reasons for Non-coverage and Non-Usage by Households, Men, Women, Infants, Adolescent Girls, Disabled and Aged, Relation with Status of Cleanliness, Water Scarcity and Water Source

COMMUNITY SANITARY COMPLEXES (CSC)

Overall 20% of NGP-GPs were found to have a CSC (shared latrines or full-fledge CSCs). The highest percentage was found among Rajasthan, Maharashtra and West Bengal, having CSCs in 42% of GPs, 40% of GPs and 35% of GPs respectively. In Chhattisgarh, no CSC was found. The average number of latrine per CSC was 3.1 overall and was found highest among Uttar Pradesh (4.4 latrine on an average in a CSC), Haryana (3.1 latrine per CSC) and Bihar (3.1 latrine per CSC). When the PRIs or villagers were asked about the intended users of the CSCs, it was found that 49% of the CSCs were reportedly meant for households (as shared latrine among a group of households or hamlet), 37% were meant for migrating or floating population, 10% for the market place users, 3% for the Bus-stop users, less than 2% were in the area where generally the village-fair took place and around 3% for other purposes.

The CSC latrines were analysed on the functionality criteria similar to the criteria described under functionality of household latrine. Out of the 414 latrines found in 134 CSCs, 21% latrine were observed to have poor or unfinished installation (no pan, or no wall/ door, or broken pan or door), 41% latrine had their pits at an unsafe distance (less than 9.5 meters) from the nearest water source, 38% were found choked fully or partially, 19% were found filled with debris or used as storage and 9% were found draining in the open (the percentages are of the individual criteria and hence some latrine had more than one features described here).

SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT (SLWM)

Around 56% households practice safe disposal methods for disposal of solid waste. 36% sample households reported availability of garbage collectors in their Panchayats. Safe disposal is defined as combination of

Keeping garbage with the cow-dung/ other manure in the open and then use it in the field after it becomes manure – 28% or
Putting in waste bin – 23% or
Using the non-degradable as the filling for land/ road etc. – 4% or

Covered composting/ Vermin compost/ biogas, sending to purchasers of garbage items 2%. Overall 53% Gram Panchayats had observable garbage dumping around the panchayat area/ fields/ on route.

Overall, around 54% of the responses provided by the household respondents related to safe disposal of water from their bathroom, kitchen etc. (grey water) into the drainage around the households. 24% households reported all the water sources of the village having proper platforms and drainage around them. Regarding proper drainages along all or most of the roads, total positive response was reported by 20% of the sample households.

Overall, around 35% sample Panchayats were found to have no observable water logging inside the premises that were visited (school, anganwadi, households and others), while 44% of the sample Panchayats were found to have no observable water logging in or around the panchayat area.

HAND WASHING AND WATER HANDLING PRACTICES

Regarding safe hand washing practices ‘after defecation’, around 52% households reported that all the household members wash hands on all or most occasions and used either soap or fresh ash. Regarding the same being true for ‘before eating food’, around 40% responded positively.

Delhi, Mar 22, 2013: As per the recent video conferencing by Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS) on 22nd March, 2013 a review of the progress made by state on Base Line Survey (BLS), Project Implementation Plan (PIP) and conversion of insanitary latrine into sanitary latrine was done.

Sanitation in rural village schools

Water and Sanitation are the basic facilities that schools require. But many government run rural schools do not have these essential facilities. Youth have taken up the initiative and selected the needy schools. Village youth leaders along with the women group leaders have worked on the projects to support school children.